1565

Year 1565 (MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1565

January–June

• January 26 – The Battle of Talikota, a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates. The last Hindu kingdom in South India ended.

March 1: Rio de Janeiro.

• February 13 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi lands with his troops on the shores of Cebu Island in the Philippine archipelago.
• March 1 – The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded.
• April 27 – Cebu City (originally named San Miguel) is established by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
• May 18 – Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning The Great Siege of Malta.
• June 17 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

July–December

• July 29 – Mary, Queen of Scots, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
• August 28 – St. Augustine, Florida (named after St. Augustine), is established. It is the oldest remaining European settlement in the United States.
• September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands on modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
• September 8 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés settles in St. Augustine, Florida.
• September 11 – The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish Siege of Malta (started on May 18).

Undated

• In Russia, it is the beginning of the Oprichnina.
• The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner.
• John Beddoes School is founded.

Births

• April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
• May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor (d. 1621)
• August 16 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
• September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635)
• October 6 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645)
• November 10 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d. 1601)
• November 10 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)
• date unknown
  • Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)
  • Edward Blount, English printer
  • Ferdinando Gorges, English colonial entrepreneur (d. 1647)
  • John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618)
  • Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)
  • Pedro Fernández de Quirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)
  • John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)
  • Francis Tanfield, Governor of the South Falkland colony
  • Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)
  • Robert Wintour, English conspirator (d. 1606)
• probable
  • Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)
  • George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)
  • Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)

Deaths

• January 19 – Diego Laynez, Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)
• March 17 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)
• May 14 – Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483)
• May 28 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1515)
• June 12 – Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512)
• June 17 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536)
• August – Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500)
• September 13 – William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489)
• September 20 – Cypriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)
• October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498)
• October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)
• October 12 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)
• October 14 – Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
• October 22 – Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)
• December 9 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
• December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)
• date unknown
  • Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
  • Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanae te
  • Lope de Rueda, Spanish writer (b. c. 1510)
  • Paweł Tarło, canon of Krakow