End-systolic_volume

End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole.

ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle. The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart.

Uses

End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional echocardiography, MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT (computed tomography).

Sample values

Along with end-diastolic volume, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle.^[1] The stroke volume is the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.

Measure view • talk • edit	Typical value
end-diastolic volume (EDV)	120 ml
end-systolic volume (ESV)	50 ml
stroke volume (SV)	55 - 100 ml
ejection fraction (E_f)	58%
heart rate (HR)	70 bpm
cardiac output (CO)	4.9 L/minute

References

^ Boron and Boulpaep 2005 Medical Physiology Updated Edition p521 ISBN 0721632564

Cardiovascular system, physiology: cardiovascular physiology

Heart

Volumes	Stroke volume = End-diastolic volume – End-systolic volume Cardiac output = Heart rate · Stroke volume Afterload · Preload Frank–Starling law of the heart · Cardiac function curve · Venous return curve Aortic valve area calculation · Ejection fraction · Cardiac index

Dimensions	Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension – End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension

Interaction diagrams	Cardiac cycle · Wiggers diagram · Pressure volume diagram

Tropism	Chronotropic (Heart rate) · Dromotropic (Conduction velocity) · Inotropic (Contractility) · Batmotropic (Excitability) · Lusitropic (Relaxation)

Conduction system / Cardiac electrophysiology	Cardiac action potential (Atrial action potential, Ventricular action potential) · Effective refractory period · Pacemaker potential · EKG (P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, ST segment, T wave, U wave) · Hexaxial reference system

Chamber pressure	Central venous pressure/right atrial pressure → Right ventricular pressure → Pulmonary artery pressure → Pulmonary wedge pressure/left atrial pressure → Left ventricular pressure → Aortic pressure

Other	Ventricular remodeling

Vascular system/
Hemodynamics

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