Minutes of Meeting
Minutes of Meeting

Wikipedia:IPA_for_Catalan_and_Occitan

Jump to: navigation, search

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Catalan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Catalan phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Catalan.

IPA Examples English equivalent
Consonants
b[1] blau best
β blava[2] Between baby and bevy
ɕ xinxa shin
d[1] de dead
dz[3][1] utilitzar pads
dʑ[3][1] metge, Jordi jewel
ð [2] this
f fletxa face
ɡ[1] gros got
ɣ bolígraf [2] between a light go and ahold
j veiem yam, play
k clenxa scan
ɫ, l[4] til·la[5] wool
ʎ ull[5] bullion
m immens mother
n bonament need
ŋ sang sang
ɲ bany canyon
p parallamps spouse
r esborrar trilled 'r'
ɾ innecessari like ladder in American English
s sis sack
t quatre stand
ts[3] tots cats
tɕ[3] fletxa chin
w blau win, cow
z[1] zero zebra
ʑ[1] ajut rouge, fusion
IPA Examples English equivalent
Stressed vowels
a sak sack
e sek say (without the y sound)
ɛ sec sect
i sis cease
o sóc between soke and sore
ɔ cosa cause
u suc soup
Reduced/Unstressed vowels[6]
ə metge, cosa about
i innecessari city
u boníssim throughout
e (Valencian) like stressed /e/
o (Valencian) like stressed /o/
Other symbols used for Catalan
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example espatlla [əsˈpaʎʎə]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Voiced obstruents are devoiced word-finally
  2. ^ a b c In Catalan and Valencian, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ become lenited (that is, fricatives or approximants of the same place of articulation) when in the syllable onset and after a continuant. Otherwise they are pronounced as voiced stops, not dissimilar to English b, d, and g. Exceptions include /d/ after lateral consonants and /b/ after /f/. In Valencian, they are also lenited in the syllable coda.
  3. ^ a b c d In Catalan, it is unclear whether affricates occur as single phonemes or clusters of a stop and a fricative; after other consonants, affricates are in free variation with fricatives.
  4. ^ L is always dark [ɫ] in Eastern Catalan. In other dialects, it may vary allophonically, [l ~ ɫ], as it does in English.
  5. ^ a b Catalan orthography distinguishes between <ll>, which represents a palatal lateral and <l·l>, which represents a geminated [ɫɫ]
  6. ^ In unstressed position, the seven-way vowel contrast is reduced
    Eastern Catalan: /e/, /ɛ/, and /a/ are reduced to [ə] while /o/ and /ɔ/ are reduced to [u].
    Valencian: /ɛ/ and /a/ are reduced to [ə] and /ɔ/ is reduced to [u].

See also

References

  • Wheeler, Max W (2005). The Phonology Of Catalan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199258147. 
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Catalan"
The information on this page is provieded by courtesy of wikipedia.
SEARCH:
Input a plant name or scientific name or any keyword associated with the plant,
click search and it will find plants matching with the search criteria.
BROWSE:
You can alternatively just browse by the starting letter of the plant name
Click on any letter below, and it will show plants name starting with that letter
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Featured Links
Herbal cleansing Program | Internal cleansing Program | Rejuvenational Detox Program

home | search | about us | terms and conditions | site map | contact us

Website Development & Design By Possible Solutions